Extreme heat can become dangerous quickly, especially for vulnerable populations. The elderly, those who work outside, or have underlying health conditions are especially at risk.
Poor air quality can exacerbate lung disease, asthma or COPD, while certain medications taken for conditions like heart disease can make people more susceptible to dehydration and heat illness.
“Primarily, we worry about dehydration with people who are on several medicines that can either inhibit the cooling process or already have a decreased amount of overall fluid in the body,” said Justin Cahill, MD, Chair of Emergency Medicine at Bridgeport Hospital.
Some medications that can lead to dehydration include diuretics, laxatives and certain psychiatric medications. Dr. Cahill says if you’re taking a medication that could increase your risk of dehydration, do not stop taking it. Instead, be aware of your surroundings and do what you can to stay safe. If you don’t have air conditioning at home, head to a cooling center or library and if you have any concerns about potential side effects, always talk to your doctor.
Signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke
While it’s especially important for at risk populations to be proactive during a heat wave, Dr. Cahill says heat exhaustion and heat stroke can happen to anyone. Kids spending hours outside playing sports or anyone who must spend time working outside during peak hours can become prone to dehydration.
Heat illnesses are on a spectrum with heat exhaustion usually presenting as the first sign. Symptoms of heat exhaustion can include:
- Dizziness
- Headaches
- Lightheadedness
- Feeling sweaty or clammy
As heat exhaustion progresses and the internal body temperature increases, people can become at risk of heat stroke. Symptoms of heat stroke can include:
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Nausea
- Confusion
Heat cramps, which can be severe, feelings of exhaustion that don’t go away with fluids and cold air, as well as any confusion or lethargy should warrant a trip to the hospital.
“People take heat waves lightly,” said Dr. Cahill. “But it can be very serious if you have prolonged exposure without preparation or if you have a chronic illness.”
Additional tips for beating the heat
- Wear loose-fitting, light-colored clothing
- Always apply sunscreen. Sunburns can inhibit the body’s ability to cool itself
- Limit alcohol use which can lead to dehydration, as well as car or boating accidents
- Take breaks and drink plenty of fluids, especially if exhibiting signs of dizziness, nausea or headaches
